In the XXI century, we are much more enthusiastic about outlooks of nanotechnologies for our life and environment. Nanotechnology, when fused with biotechnology, creates nanobiotechnology and nanobiomedical technology; the products of which hardly resemble the parent biotechnology products. These new scientific disciplines, by overall opinion, can even change the face of our civilization in this century. The important point is that dealing with nanotechnologies, we faced new phenomenon: the transition of compounds to nanostate dramatically changes their characteristics such as electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, biological and etc. This really great phenomenon permits creation of novel functional materials with unique custom-made properties.
Development of completely new technologies and innovative nanomaterials and nanosystems with exceptional desirable functional properties lead to a new generation of products that will improve the quality of life and environment in the years to come. There are numerous new generation nanomaterial products of high quality including biocompatible biomaterials, antimicrobial biodevices, surgical tools, implants, decorative and optical devices, and, finally, nanocarriers and nanosystems.
One of the most important applications of the so-called nanomedicine/nanotherapy appeared to be the targeting of medicines or additives to the desired organs and tissues using special nanoparticles and nanocapsules of various nature to cure human diseases. Because of their unique features, nanosystems enhance the medicines’ performance by improving their solubility and bioavailability, increasing their in vivo stability, creation of high local concentrations of bioactives in target cells and cellular compartments in order to gain therapeutic efficiency.
Nanocarrier systems used for medicine targeting are mainly consisting of lipid molecules, surfactants, and certain polymers, such as dendrimers, which are specially designed to be drug carriers. Hybrid organic/inorganic materials have also become popular now. Carbon-based nanostructures (nanotubes, etc.) are used for implant construction and as nanosystems for drug targeting.
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